In which city was the first objective pretrial risk assessment instrument introduced?

The first objective pretrial risk assessment instrument was introduced in Chicago. This initiative aimed to improve the decision-making process regarding pretrial release by utilizing a systematic approach to assess the risk posed by individuals awaiting trial. Chicago's development of this tool was significant because it focused on using empirical data to evaluate various risk factors, such as criminal history and socioeconomic status, to inform whether defendants could safely be released before their trial date. This approach was a shift from more subjective methods of risk assessment, marking a pivotal moment in pretrial justice reform.

While New York City has implemented various reforms and risk assessment tools, it was not the location of the first objective pretrial risk assessment instrument, making the choice of Chicago the more historically accurate response in the context of this question.